How is OCD treated?
OCD is a type of anxiety disorder, the most common of all the mental disorders. Many people misunderstand these disorders and think people should be able to overcome the symptoms by sheer willpower. But, the symptoms can't be willed or wished away. There are treatments, developed through research, that work well for these disorders.
Anxiety disorders are treated in two ways - with medication and with therapy. Sometimes only one treatment is used or both treatments are combined. If you have an anxiety disorder, talk with your doctor about what will work best for you. If you do choose therapy, try to find someone who is open to the use of medications, should they be needed.
A number of drugs used for treating depression, called antidepressants, have been found to help with anxiety disorders as well. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are used, along with the newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Other medicines include anti-anxiety drugs called benzodiazepines and beta-blockers.
Treatment with therapy includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral therapy. In CBT, the goal is to change how a person thinks about, and then reacts to, a situation that makes them anxious or fearful. In behavioral therapy, the focus is on changing how a person reacts to a situation. CBT or behavioral therapy most often lasts for 12 weeks. It can be group or individual therapy. A special type of behavior therapy, called exposure and response prevention, is often used with OCD. With this approach, a person is exposed to whatever triggers the obsessive thoughts. Then, the person is taught ways to avoid doing the compulsive rituals, and how to deal with the anxiety. Some studies have shown that the benefits of CBT or behavioral therapy last longer than do those of medications for people with OCD.
Keep in mind that it can be a challenge to find the right treatment for an anxiety disorder. But, if one treatment doesn't work, the odds are good that another one will. Your doctor and therapist will work together to help you find the best approach. New treatments are being developed through ongoing research. So, don't give up hope. If you have recovered from an anxiety disorder and it comes back at a later date, don't think that you've failed. You can be treated again. And, the skills you learned dealing with the disorder the first time can help you in coping with it again.
Our program at the University of Florida in Gainesville provides weekly and intensive outpatient cognitive behavior therapy. During the cognitive behavioral treatment patients may be seen for psychopharmacological or medication treatment as well. The intensive program we offer is one of very few such programs in the country. Our intensive cognitive behavior therapy program has been in existence for ~17 years. On average, patients in the intensive cognitive behavior therapy program stay 3 weeks, though this may vary depending on the progress of the patient. Patients are generally seen from 60-90 minutes per day 5 days per week with homework assigned every day. We treat children, adolescents, adults. Most patients in the intensive program stay in extended stay hotels (e.g. - rooms with a kitchen) in Gainesville. The intensive program is based on principles of exposure and response prevention, as well as cognitive therapy. Generally, a team of 2 or 3 therapists are assigned to each individual (and their family if appropriate). Most patients (~80-85%) receive at least a 50% or greater reduction in symptoms, and many also show a marked reduction in depressive symptoms. For follow-up we either see patients or try to refer to experienced professionals who treat anxiety disorders. Or in some cases, we maintain phone contact with patients and/or families.