UF Department of Psychiatry

Wayne K. Goodman, M.D.

Professor & Chairman of Psychiatry

Dr. Goodman was raised in New York City where he attended the Bronx High School of Science. He graduated from Columbia University with a degree in Electrical Engineering and received his Medical Degree from Boston University. He completed his internship, residency, and a research fellowship at Yale University School of Medicine where he rose to the rank of Associate Professor of Psychiatry. He founded and served as chief of the Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Clinic at Yale's prestigious Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit. While on faculty at Yale, he conducted research on the phenomenology, neurobiology, and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders. He is the principal developer of the Y-BOCS, the gold standard for rating OCD. He was a founder of the Obsessive Compulsive Foundation and served as Chair of its Scientific Advisory Board from 1987-1995. Dr. Goodman is a member of the American College of Neuropharmacology and Society for Biological Psychiatry.

Dr. Goodman joined the University of Florida College of Medicine as Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Trials Program in 1993. Following the departure of the chairman, Dr. Goodman was selected department’s Clinical Interim Chairman in October 1997 and, at the conclusion of a national search, was appointed Chairman of Psychiatry at the University of Florida in July 1998.

Dr. Goodman has done pioneering research on obsessions, compulsions, and chronic tics and has brought state-of-the-art biopsychiatry to Florida. He and his colleagues at the University of Florida pioneered and tested the hypothesis that certain patients with Tourette's Syndrome and OCD have the disease on the basis of a rheumatic heart-like, post-strep illness. Dr. Goodman has also done seminal work on the use of SSRIs (prozac, zoloft, luvox) in OCD, depression, and panic disorder.

Clinical Interests

Dr. Goodman continues to keep a hand in direct clinical care by seeing children and adults referred for expert consultation on their cases of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or Tourette’s Syndrome. Many of these patients are treatment resistant and seeking recommendations on a viable treatment plan. We have established UF as a southeastern center of excellence for OCD and related disorders. In addition to a range of biological approaches, we offer a 3-week intensive outpatient evaluation and treatment program. Dr. Goodman also provides pharmacological consultations in other disorders, including major depression. Dr. Goodman’s actual clinical effort is around 10%, but he continues to participate in the attending on-call schedule.

Research and Scholarly Interests

Dr. Goodman’s research continues to focus on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Tourette’s Syndrome (TS) and related disorders. With the transition from Yale to UF, he took advantage of the opportunity to be more directly involved with children suffering from OCD and TS. Although he had outstanding collaborators at the Yale Child Study Center, including Jim Leckman and the late Donald Cohen, access to children was limited. As OCD is a childhood onset disorder in approximately half the cases and TS is by definition onset before age 18 years, Dr. Goodman needed exposure to these disorders earlier in their course. Dr. Goodman states that he has been fortunate to identify child psychiatrists at UF, particularly Tanya Murphy, who shared his interest in OCD and TS, and have worked in concert with them. While devoting effort to the care and study of pediatric cases, Dr. Goodman has maintained an interest in developing and testing better treatments for refractory adult cases of OCD. Ingrained in his Yale training was the emphasis on underlying pathophysiology, a theme he has applied to his research at UF.

One area of research focus has been testing the hypothesis that some forms of childhood onset OCD and TS may represent a form of Sydenham Chorea, a major manifestation of Rheumatic Fever. Sue Swedo at NIMH coined the term PANDAS to refer to Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus to refer to the putative role of pathogens in triggering or exacerbating OCD or TS. Our research group has studied this hypothesis from several angles. We have accumulated a cohort of about 50 subjects with childhood onset OCD/tics and have followed them for several years in some cases, evaluating course of symptoms and obtained serum measures for indices of immune activation as well as evidence for antecedent Group A Strep (GAS) infection. A series of studies were conducted and funded by NIMH to assess whether an antigen on B-lymphocytes which binds to monoclonal antibody D8/17 shows increased expression in childhood OCD/TS as has been reported to occur in Rheumatic Fever. We published two studies showing that D8/17 expression is increased in patients with childhood onset OCD/tics compared to healthy volunteers. However, we are not confident in the specificity of this marker and remain skeptical of its clinical significance. In the process of pursuing this marker, our team gained considerable expertise in immune methodology, particularly in the application of flow cytometry. Dr. Murphy has re-tooled herself as a neuroimmunologist and made this the focal point of her career development. We are currently investigating other measures of immune system involvement in our patient cohort. Furthermore, we have collected considerable pilot data for a pending R01 that examines the temporal association between serological evidence of GAS infection and exacerbations of OC and tic symptoms.

A second area of focus is on improving treatment of OCD, particularly, resistant cases. In 2000, Dr. Goodman was lead editor of a book on this subject. One of his federal grants supported a study of olanzapine addition to fluoxetine non-responders. The sample was enriched with cases of OCD with comorbid chronic tics. The hypothesis was that the OCD-plus-tics group, compared to the OCD-minus-tics group, would preferentially respond to olanzapine addition as had been shown in an earlier study of his using haloperidol as the adjunctive agent. We are in the final phases of closing out the study, analyzing the data and submitting the results for publication. Additional pharmacological strategies being tested include intravenous clomipramine (funded by NIMH) and novel compounds (Pfizer, Lilly). We are also examining non-pharmacological biological interventions, including Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). The VNS study is part of a four-site trial sponsored by Cyberonics as a follow up to their studies in depression. Dr. Goodman received funding through an R21 grant from NIMH to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBS (bilateral internal capsule implantation) in 6 patients with OCD who would otherwise be candidates for ablative neurosurgery. Both the VNS and DBS projects are in close collaboration with the Department of Neurosurgery at UF, a relationship made easier by our proximity in the Brain Institute. Dr. Goodman believes that we have a wider range of novel and investigational biological treatments for OCD than anywhere else.

The third area of emphasis is yoking functional neuroimaging to behavior. One can only go so far with inferring pathophysiology from treatment response data: even when you are fairly certain of the mechanism of action, you cannot be certain of the underlying pathology. For example, efficacy of “serotonergic” treatments does not necessarily point to a defect in serotonin pathways. An alternate explanation would be that SSRIs are enhancing a normo-functioning 5HT system in compensation for a perturbation in another functionally coupled system. Functional imaging studies have provided some clues to the pathophysiology of OCD. Some of the most consistent findings have evidence of orbitofrontal cortex activation and involvement of thalamo-basal ganglia connections. An area of emerging strength at the UF Brain Institute has been functional MRI. The psychiatry department has contributed to these efforts with the recruitment of a talented young physicist, Yijun Liu, Ph.D. Together with Liu and our collaborators in Clinical Psychology, the NIMH research center headed by Peter Lang, Ph.D., we have been investigating the role of Disgust in OCD. Briefly, Dr. Goodman has hypothesized that some forms of OCD, e.g., those involving contamination concerns, may involve a disturbance in Disgust, rather than an Anxiety Disorder. OCD seems ready for a paradigm shift. The notion that OCD is an Anxiety has a number of limitations including the absence of apprehension or fear of consequences in some cases. In cases with coexisting tic disorders, it looks more like a motor disorder. Previous studies using fMRI have suggested that certain brain regions, such as the Insula Cortex, may be activated in response to facial expressions of disgust. In preliminary studies for which Dr. Liu has received a NARSAD Young Investigator Award, subjects are presented with standardized images that evoke Disgust, Threat (Fear), or Neutral emotional reactions while being scanned. We presented evidence at ACNP that consistently differentiates Disgust vs. Fear activation in the anterior insula, basal ganglia, and somatosensory region in both Healthy and OCD subjects. Compared to Healthy Volunteers, OCD patients have increased brain activation in the anterior insula, basal ganglia, thalamus and somatosensory region in the Disgust vs. Neutral conditions. These pilot data support the hypothesis that OCD patients with contamination concerns may have an exaggerated pattern of brain activation in response to Disgust stimuli. Further studies are underway and we plan to submit an R01 on this topic.

For most of his career at UF, Dr. Goodman has simultaneously held two R01’s from NIMH. One of those is closed (on D8/17 as marker in pediatric OCD/TS) and the other (trial of fluoxetine-olanzapine combination in OCD) is in a no-cost extension. Dr. Goodman states that he has had the pleasure of serving as a research mentor to several junior faculty members. Currently, he is the Mentor on an NIMH K23 Award to Dr. Tanya Murphy and has played an active role in the research career development of Yijun Liu (NARSAD Award), Andy Shapira (NARSAD Award) and others. Recently, Dr. Goodman has received funding from NIMH for an R01 investigating PANDAS and an R21 looking at DBS in OCD. In addition to federal grant support, Dr. Goodman has served as a PI on numerous Industry-sponsored clinical trials, some investigator-initiated, in a range of different disorders, including OCD, other anxiety disorders, TS, ADHD and Affective Disorders. In 2001, Dr. Goodman handed over the reins of our clinical trials program to Teri Pigott, but remains involved as a PI in selective projects such as a recent investigator-initiated study of escitalopram (Forest) in Compulsive Gambling.

Educational Interests and Accomplishments

Dr. Goodman’s teaching is focused on lectures to medical students on anxiety disorders and to residents on psychopharmacology. He serves as a clinical supervisor to residents in clinic and on-call. Previously, Dr. Goodman teamed up with Dr. Cheong to participate in the undergraduate course on the Profession of Medicine. He is an invited lecturer from the local to the international level on topics related to his area of research. Dr. Goodman views the mentoring of faculty and fellows as an important and satisfying part of his educational responsibilities.

Leadership and Service

The majority of Dr. Goodman's effort in this category is occupied by duties as departmental chair and associated committee assignments. He has a governance role in multiple college-wide committees, including Secretary-Treasurer of the Faculty Clinical Practice Associate and a member of the Executive Fiscal Affairs Committee (EFAC). He recently finished chairing the Professorial level Tenure and Promotions Committee for the College of Medicine. He has an Institute level role as part of the leadership of the McKnight Brain Institute (MBI). For the hospital system, Dr. Goodman serves as Psychiatrist-in-Chief for Shands HealthCare and is a member of the Joint Medical Executive Committee for Shands-AGH. At the State level, he has been active in promoting the welfare of children with mental illness as a gubernatorial appointee to a Commission on Developmental Disorders. At the national and international level, Dr. Goodman is involved in research and consumer advocacy as a member of ACNP's (American College of Psychopharmacology) advocacy committee and the Board of Directors of the Obsessive Compulsive Foundation and Anxiety Disorders Association of America.

Publications (since 2000)

Goodman WK; New Strategies for the Management of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. CNS News. 2000 June 2(6): 11-14.

Morris MR, Forbes S, Bradley MM, Goodman WK. Stability of subclinical obsessive compulsive disorder in college students. Depress Anxiety. 2000;11(4):180-2.

Murphy TK, Goodman WK, Ayoub EM, Voeller KK. On defining Sydenham's chorea: where do we draw the line? Biol Psychiatry. 2000 May 15;47(10):851-7.

Stein DJ, Goodman WK, Rauch SL. The cognitive-affective neuroscience of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2000 Aug;2(4):341-6.

Murphy TK, Petitto JM, Voeller KK, Goodman WK. Obsessive compulsive disorder: Is there an association with childhood streptococcal infections and altered immune function? Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2001 Oct;6(4):266-76.

Romano S, Goodman W, Tamura R., Gonzales J, and Collaborative Research Group: Long-Term Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Following Acute Response: A Comparison of Fluoxetine versus Placebo. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 21(1):46-52.

Stein DJ, Liu Y, Shapira NA, Goodman WK. The psychobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: how important is the role of disgust? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2001 Aug;3(4):281-7.

Murphy TK, Benson N, Zaytoun A, Yang M, Braylan R, Ayoub E, Goodman WK. Progress toward analysis of D8/17 binding to B cells in children with obsessive compulsive disorder and/or chronic tic disorder. J Neuroimmunol. 2002 Jan 11;120(1-2):146-51.

Murphy TK, Goodman WK: Genetics of childhood disorders: XXXIV. Autoimmune disorders, part 7: D8/17 reactivity as an immunologic marker of susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 41(1): 98-100, 2002.

Mataix-Cols D, Rauch SL, Baer L, Eisen, JL, Shera DM, Goodman W, Rasmussen A, Jenike MA: Symptom stability in adult obsessive compulsive disorder: Data from a naturalistic two-year follow-up study; Am J Psychiatry, 159(2): 263-268, 2002.

Shapira NA, Lessig M, Murphy TK, Driscoll DJ, Goodman WK: Topiramate attenuates self-injurious behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome. Intern J Neuropsychopharm, 5(2):141-5, 2002.

Nadeau SE, McCoy KJ, Crucian GP, Greer RA, Rossi F, Bowers D, Goodman WK, Heilman KM, Triggs WJ. Cerebral blood flow changes in depressed patients after treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: evidence of individual variability. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol, 15(3):159-75, 2002.

Hollander E, Koran LM, Goodman WK, Greist JH, Ninan PT, Yang H, Li D, Barbato LM. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of controlled-release fluvoxamine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;64(6):640-7.

Shapira NA, Liu Y, He AG, Bradley MM, Lessig MC, James GA, Stein DJ, Lang PJ, Goodman WK. Brain activation by disgust-inducing pictures in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct 1;54(7):751-6.

Murphy TK, Sajid M, Soto O, Shapira N, Edge P, Yang M, Lewis MH, Goodman WK. Detecting pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and tics. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan 1;55(1):61-8.

Shapira NA, Ward HE, Mandoki M, Murphy TK, Yang MC, Blier P, Goodman WK. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine addition in fluoxetine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Mar 1;55(5):553-5.

Shapira NA, Lessig MC, Lewis MH, Goodman WK, Driscoll DJ. Effects of topiramate in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Ment Retard. 2004 Jul;109(4):301-9.

Culpepper L, Davidson JR, Dietrich AJ, Goodman WK, Kroenke K, Schwenk TL. Suicidality as a possible side effect of antidepressant treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;65(6):742-9.

Goodman WK. Selecting pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 13:8-13.

Pallanti S, Hollander E, Goodman WK. A qualitative analysis of nonresponse: management of treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 14:6-10.

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Soto O, Sajid M, Allen P, Roberti JW, Killiany EM, Goodman WK. Further psychometric properties of the Tourette's Disorder Scale-Parent Rated version (TODS-PR). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2004;35(2):107-20.

Killiany EM, Goodman WK. Psychometric evaluation of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychiatry Res. 2004;129(1):91-8.

Geffken GR, Storch EA, Gelfand KM, Adkins JW, Goodman WK. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: review of treatment techniques. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2004;42(12):44-51.

Wright P, He G, Shapira NA, Goodman WK, Liu Y. Disgust and the insula: fMRI responses to pictures of mutilation and contamination. Neuroreport. 2004;15(15):2347-51.

Okun MS, Bowers D, Springer U, Shapira NA, Malone D, Rezai AR, Nuttin B, Heilman KM, Morecraft RJ, Rasmussen SA, Greenberg BD, Foote KD, Goodman WK: What’s in a “Smile?” Intra-operative Observations of Contralateral Smiles Induced by Deep Brain Stimulation. Neurocase, 10(4):271–279, 2004.

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Soto O, Sajid M, Bagner DM, Allen P, Killiany EM, Goodman WK. Factor analytic study of the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. J Clin Child & Adol Psych, 34:312-319, 2005.

Byerly M, Goodman W, Acholonu W, Bugno R, Rush AJ. Obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: Frequency and clinical features. Schizophr Research, 15;76(2-3):309-16, 2005.

Goodman WK, Bose A, Wang Q. Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with escitalopram: Pooled results from double-blind, placebo-controlled articles. J Affective Disorders, 87(2-3):161-7, 2005.

Stein D, Andersen H, Goodman W. Escitalopram for the treatment of GAD: efficacy across different subgroups and outcomes. Ann Clin Psychiatry, 17(2):71-5, 2005.

Geffken GR, Storch EA, Duke D, Lewin A, Monaco L, Goodman WK. Hope and coping in family members of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disorders, 20:614-629, 2006.

Storch EA, Shapira NA, Dimoulas E, Geffken GR, Goodman WK. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: The dimensional structure revisited. Depression and Anxiety, 22:28-35, 2005.

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Sajid M, Allen P, Roberti JW, Goodman WK. Reliability and validity of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Psychological Assessment, 17(4):486-491, 2005.

Shapira NA, Okun MS, Wint DP, Foote KD, Byars JA, Bowers D, Springer U, Lang P, Greenberg BD, Haber SN, Goodman WK. Panic and fear induced by deep brain stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 77(3):410-412, 2006.

Springer U, Bowers D, Goodman W, Shapira N, Foote K, Okun M. Long-term Habituation of the Smile Response with Deep Brain Stimulation. Neurocase, 12(3):191-6, 2006.

Hirsh A, O’Brien K, Geffken G, Adkins J, Goodman W K, Storch EA. Intensive cognitive-behavior therapy for an elderly patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder and comorbid medical conditions. Amer J Geriatric Psych, 14(4):380-1, 2006.

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Bagner DM, Johns N, Baumeister A, Goodman WK, Geffken GR. Reliability and Validity of the Child Behavior Checklist Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. J Anxiety Disorders, 20(4):473-85, 2006.

Storch EA, Larson M, Shapira NA, Ward HE, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Valerio H, Goodman WK. Clinical predictors of early fluoxetine treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety,23(7):429-33, 2006.

Olson LL, Singer HS, Goodman WK, Maria BL. Tourette syndrome: diagnosis, strategies, therapies, pathogenesis, and future research directions. J Child Neurol, 21(8):630-41, 2006.

Storch EA, Ledley DR, Lewin AB, Murphy TK, Johns NB, Goodman WK, Geffken GR. Peer victimization in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder: relations with symptoms of psychopathology. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 35(3):446-55, 2006.

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Lewin AB, Geffken GR, Johns N, Jann KE, Goodman WK. The Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Psychometric Properties of Child- and Parent-Report Formats. J Anxiety Disorders, 20(8):1055-1070, 2006.

Goodman WK, Storch EA, Geffken GR, Murphy TK. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder In Tourette Syndrome. J Child Neurol, 21(8):704-14, 2006.

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Mann G, Adkins J, Merlo LJ, Duke D, Munson M, Swaine Z, Goodman WK. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for PANDAS Related Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings from a Preliminary Wait-List Controlled Open Trial. J Amer Acad of Child Adoles Psychiatry, 45(10):1171-1178, 2006.

Storch EA, Bagner DM, Geffken GR, Adkins JW, Murphy TK, Goodman WK. Sequential cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with obsessive-compulsive disorder with an inadequate medication response: a case series of five patients. Depress Anxiety, 2006 Oct 16; [Epub ahead of print].

Greenberg BD, Malone DA, Friehs GM, Rezai AR, Kubu CS, Malloy PF, Salloway SP, Okun MS, Goodman WK, Rasmussen SA. Three-year outcomes in deep brain stimulation for highly resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharm, 31(11):2394, 2006. Erratum in: Neuropsychopharm, 31(11):2394, 2006.

Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Lehmkuhl H, Grabill KM, Geffken GR, Goodman WK, Murphy TK. Further Psychometric Examination of the Tourette's Disorder Scales. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2006 Nov 29; [Epub ahead of print].

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Fernandez M, Krishnan M, Geffken GR, Kellgren AR, Goodman WK. Factor analytic study of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Psychiatry Res. 149(1-3):231-7, 2007.

Murphy TK, Snider LA, Mutch PJ, Harden E, Zaytoun A, Edge PJ, Storch EA, Yang MCK, Mann G, Goodman WK, Swedo SE. Relationship of Movements and Behaviors to Group A Streptococcus Infections in Elementary School Children. Biol Psychiatry, 61(3):279-84, 2007.

Okun MS, Mann G, Foote KD, Shapira NA, Bowers D, Springer U, Knight W, Martin P, Goodman WK. Internal Capsule and Nucleus Accumbens Region DBS: Responses Observed During Active and Sham Programming. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 78(3):310-4, 2007.

Husted D, Shapira N, Murphy TK, Mann GD, Ward HE, Goodman WK. Effect of Comorbid Tics on a Clinically Meaningful Response to 8-Week Open-label Trial of Fluoxetine in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. J Psychiatric Research, 41(3-4): 332-7, 2007.

Storch EA, Stigge-Kaufman D, Marien W, Sajid M, Jacob ML, Geffken GR, Goodman WK, Murphy TK. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Youth with and without a Chronic Tic Disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 2007 Mar 7; [Epub ahead of print].

Storch EA, Geffken GR, Merlo LJ, Mann G, Duke D, Munson M, Adkins J, Grabill K, Murphy TK, Goodman WK. Family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: comparison of intensive and weekly approaches. J Amer Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry, 46(4):469-478, 2007.

Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Larson MJ, Fernandez M, Jacob ML, Geffken GR, Grabill K, Murphy TK, Goodman WK. Family Accommodation in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Amer Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry, 36(2):207-216, 2007.

Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Lack C, Milsom V, Geffken GR, Goodman WK, Murphy TK. Quality of Life in Youth with Tourette’s Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder. J Clin Child Adoles Psychology, Jun 36(2):217-227, 2007.

Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Bengtson M, Murphy TK, Lewis MH, Yang MC, Jacob ML, Larson M, Hirsh A, Fernandez M, Geffken GR, Goodman WK. D-Cycloserine Does Not Enhance Exposure-Response Prevention Therapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Internat’l J Clin Psychopharm, 22:230-237, 2007.

Storch EA, Lack CW, Simons LE, Goodman WK, Murphy TK, Geffken GR. A Measure of Functional Impairment in Youth with Tourette's Syndrome. J Pediatr Psychol, Sep; 32(8):950-9, 2007.

Storch EA, Lack CW, Merlo LJ, Geffken GR, Jacob MJ, Murphy TK, Goodman WK. Clinical features of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding symptoms. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(4):313-8, 2007.

Storch EA, Lack C, Merlo LJ, Marien W, Geffken GR, Grabill K, Jacob ML, Murphy TK, Goodman WK. Associations between miscellaneous symptoms and symptom dimensions: An examination of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther, 45: 2593-2603, 2007.

Storch EA, Stigge-Kaufman D, Bagner D, Merlo LJ, Shapira NA, Geffken GR, Murphy TK, Goodman WK. Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development, reliability, and validity. J Clinical Psychology, 63(9):851-859, 2007.

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