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Robert N. Averbuch, MD Alan J. Barnes, MD Lewis R. Baxter, MD Adriaan W. Bruijnzeel, PhD Regina Bussing, MD Josepha A. Cheong, MD Wayne L. Creelman, MD Douglas Davies, MD Gary R. Geffken, PhD Mark S. Gold, MD William M. Greene, MD Susan Hill, MSN, ARNP Jon Hodgin, MD Richard Holbert, MD Jacqueline A. Hobbs, MD, PhD Michelle Jacobs, MD Mark H. Lewis, PhD Yijun Liu, PhD Daniel Logan, MD Ross A. McElroy, Jr., MD Lisa J. Merlo, PhD Sylvia P. Montesinos, MD Drake Morgan, PhD Matthew L. Nguyen, MD Andrew K. Ottens, PhD John M. Petitto, MD Teresa A. Pigott, MD Krestin A. Radonovich, PhD Jerzy Szlabowicz, MD, PhD Scott A. Teitelbaum, MD Herbert E. Ward, MD Tonia Werner, MD Kimberly White, MD

Drake Morgan

Drake Morgan, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Dr. Drake Morgan

Drake Morgan received a Ph.D. in Experimental and Biological Psychology from the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) under the direction of Dr. Mitchell Picker. Most of this research focused on opioid behavioral pharmacology in rats and pigeons (drug discrimination, schedule-controlled responding, antinociception testing). In 1998, he began post-doctoral training at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem with Dr. Michael Nader conducting cocaine self-administration studies in non-human primates coupled with PET imaging and social housing manipulations. He then moved into an Assistant Professor position with a K01 award from NIH/NIDA with Dr. David Roberts as a primary mentor. Studies during this period resulted in the development of animal models of the addiction process using numerous behavioral procedures. Neurobiological consequences of drug-taking in these “addicted” rats were then characterized. These consequences include changes in dopaminergic tone and dopamine transporter sensitivity (determined by in vivo voltammetry and microdialysis), changes in receptor-coupling efficiency (measured with GTPgS in vitro techniques), and alterations in gene and protein expression (assessed by microarrays and subsequent protein analysis or laser-capture microdissection and single-cell RT-PCR). In 2005, Dr. Morgan joined the Department of Psychiatry and the Division on Addiction Medicine as an Assistant Professor.

Research Interests and Scholarly Interests

There are several lines of research being investigated in Dr. Morgan’s laboratory. We are still developing models of addiction in rats and trying to identify predictors and consequences of this behavior. Behavioral studies include drug self-administration, drug discrimination, schedule-controlled behavior, “impulsivity” and other operant testing, and locomotor activity. There is a continuing interest in opioids and cocaine, which may branch off towards other drugs of abuse, including MDMA, methamphetamine, nicotine, THC, and alcohol. Additional areas of research include the examination of changes in the sensitivity to pain and opioids as a function of aging.

Leadership And Service

Dr. Morgan has served on a number of committees for national organizations, including the Travel Awards committee, the Drug Evaluation Liaison committee, and the Nominations committee for the College on the Problems of Drug Dependence, as well as serving on the Executive Board for Division 28 (Psychopharmacology and Substance Abuse) of the American Psychological Association as Secretary.

Publications

Picker MJ, Yarbrough J, Hughes CE, Smith MA, Morgan D, Dykstra LA. Agonist and antagonist effects of mixed action opioids in the pigeon drug discrimination procedure: Influence of training dose, intrinsic efficacy and interanimal differences. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266: 756-767.

Picker MJ, Smith MA, Morgan D. Assessment of the relative intrinsic efficacy of profadol and meperidine in a pigeon drug discrimination procedure: Relevance to partial substitution patterns. Behav Pharmacol 1994; 5: 61-70.

Morgan D, Picker MJ. Discriminative stimulus effects of the 5HT1A agonist 8-OH DPAT: Attenuation by mu but not by kappa opioids. Psychopharmacology 1995; 122: 336-345.

Pitts RC, West JP, Morgan D, Dykstra L, Picker MJ. Opioids and rate of positively reinforced behavior: Differential antagonism by naltrexone. Behav Pharmacol 1996; 7: 205-215.

Pitts RC, West JP, Hapke DM, Morgan D, Dykstra LA, Picker MJ. Opioids and rate of positively reinforced behavior: II. Antagonism by ß-funaltrexamine. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 4: 389-395.

Negus SS, Morgan D, Cook CD, Picker MJ. Effects of the delta opioid agonist BW373,U86 in pigeons trained to discriminate fentanyl, bremazocine and water in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure. Psychopharmacology 1996; 126: 199-205.

Morgan D, Picker MJ. Contribution of individual differences to discriminative stimulus, antinociceptive and rate-decreasing effects of opioids: Importance of the drug's relative intrinsic efficacy at the mu receptor. Behav Pharmacol 1996; 6: 261-275.

Morgan D, Picker MJ. The µ opioid irreversible antagonist beta-funaltrexamine differentiates the discriminative stimulus effects of opioids with high and low efficacy at the µ receptor. Psychopharmacology 1998; 140: 20-28.

Morgan D, Cook CD, Smith MA, Picker MJ. Examination of the interactions between the antinociceptive effects of morphine and various µ opioids: Role of intrinsic efficacy and stimulus intensity. Anesth Analg 1999; 88: 407-413.

Morgan D, Cook CD, Picker MJ. Sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects of µ opioids: Role of strain of rat, stimulus intensity, and intrinsic efficacy at the µ opioid receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 289: 965-975.

Picker MJ, Allen RM, Morgan D, Levine AS, O’Hare E, Cleary JP. Neuropeptide Y and the antinociceptive and discriminative stimulus effects of morphine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999; 64: 161-164.

Lile JA, Morgan D, Nader MA. First- versus last-session substitution: An evaluation of the reinforcing effects of cocaine and the cocaine analogue 2ß-propanoyl-3ß -(4-tolyl)-tropane. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 8: 424-433.

Morgan D, Grant KA, Prioleau OA, Nader SH, Kaplan JR, Nader MA. Predictors of social status in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after group formation. Amer J Primatol 2000; 52: 115-131.

Lile JA, Morgan D, Freedland CS, Sinnott RS, Davies HML, Nader MA. Self-administration of two long-acting monoamine transport blockers in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology 2000; 152: 414-421.

Morgan D, Nader MA. Acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration with concurrent access to food in cynomolgus monkeys. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 8: 554-565.

Nader MA, Morgan D. Effects of negative punishment contingencies on cocaine-maintained responding by rhesus monkeys. Behav Pharmacol 2001; 12: 91-99.

Barrett AC, Morgan D, Izenwasser S, Picker MJ. Cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects and [3H]dopamine uptake inhibition produced by selected partial opioid agonists. Behav Pharmacol 2001; 12: 225-235.

Morgan D, Grant KA, Mach RH, Gage HD, Ehrenkaufer RL, Kaplan JR, Prioleau OA, Nader SH, Buchheimer N, Nader MA. Social dominance in monkeys: dopamine D2 receptors and cocaine self-administration. Nature Neurosci 2002; 5: 169-174.

Morgan D, Brebner K, Lynch WJ, Roberts DCS. Increases in the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine after particular histories of reinforcement. Behav Pharmacol 2002; 13: 389-396.

Nader MA, Sinnott RS, Mach RH, Morgan D. Cocaine- and food-maintained responding under a multiple schedule in rhesus monkeys: environmental context and the effects of a dopamine antagonist. Psychopharmacology 2002; 163: 292-301.

Lile JA, Morgan D, Birmingham AM, Davies HML, Nader MA. The reinforcing efficacy of the dopamine reuptake inhibitor PTT as measured by a progressive-ratio schedule and a choice procedure in rhesus monkeys. J Pharm Exp Ther 2002; 303: 640-648.

Selley DE, Herbert JT, Morgan D, Cook CD, Picker MJ, Sim-Selley LJ. Effect of strain and sex on µ opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation in rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2003; 60: 201-208.

Smith MA, Yancey D, Morgan D, Liu Y, Froestl W, Roberts DCS. Effects of positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(B) receptor on cocaine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology 2004; 173: 105-111.

Lile JA, Morgan D, Birmingham AM, Davies HML, Nader MA. Effects of the dopamine reuptake inhibitor PTT on cocaine seeking and food- and cocaine-maintained responding in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology 2004; 174: 246-253.

Morgan D, Roberts DCS. Sensitization to the reinforcing effects of cocaine following binge/abstinent self-administration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2004; 27: 803-812.

Czoty PE. Morgan D, Shannon EE, Gage HD, Nader MA. Characterization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor function in socially housed cynomolgus monkeys self-administering cocaine. Psychopharmacology 2004; 174: 381-388.

Morgan D, Smith MA, Roberts DCS. Binge self-administration and deprivation produces sensitization to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Psychopharmacology 2005; 178: 309-316.

Ward SJ, Morgan D, Roberts DCS. Comparison of the reinforcing effects of cocaine and cocaine/heroin combinations under progressive ratio and choice schedules in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30: 286-295.

Mateo Y, Lack CM, Morgan D, Roberts DCS, Jones SR. Reduced dopamine terminal function and insensitivity to cocaine following cocaine binge self-administration and deprivation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30: 1455-1463.

Mateo Y, Budygin EA, Morgan D, Roberts DCS, Jones SR. Fast onset of dopamine uptake inhibition by intravenous cocaine. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 20: 2838-2842.

Liu Y, Roberts DCS, Morgan D. Effects of extended-access self-administration and deprivation on breakpoints maintained by cocaine in rats. Psychopharmacol 2005; 179: 644-651

Morgan D, Liu Y, Roberts DCS. Rapid and persistent sensitization to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 121-128.

McCracken CB, Hamby S, Morgan D, Patel K, Vrana KE, Roberts DCS. Extended cocaine self-administration and deprivation produces region-specific and time-dependent changes in connexin36 expression in rat. Synapse 2005; 58: 141-150.

Liu Y, Roberts DCS, Morgan D. Sensitization of the reinforcing effects of self-administered cocaine in rats: effects of dose and intravenous injection speed. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 22: 195-200.

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